I figure the Intrepid class is militarily a scout, it might be called a corvette. Scientifically, it's a single mission, rapid, survey ship.
First, it's unusually maneuverable for it's size.
Second, it's one of the fastest ships we know.
Third, it has extremely limited laboratory facilities.
Fourth, it's first mission was intended as a one time, short term military style action.
In either role, I imagine the ship striking out to a particular location, or along a particular heading as fast as possible, using its sensors to collect as much high quality data as possible. It doesn't process this data itself, instead it either relays the information or brings it back in person, and goes off on its next mission.
This is as apposed to an Oberth or Nova class, which I imagine would go off on single missions too, but survey in a much more local manner, or investigate phenomena that aren't time critical.